Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests in different ways for different individuals. To better understand the needs and support required by individuals with autism, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) introduced a classification system consisting of three levels of severity.Â
These levels provide valuable insights into the challenges faced by individuals with autism and help guide appropriate support and interventions. But exactly how many levels are there? Let’s find out!
How Many Autism Levels Are There?
Currently, autism spectrum disorder is categorized into three different levels, indicating the level of support a patient may need.Â
The DSM-5 classifies individuals with autism into three levels based on the severity of their social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors. These levels are Level 1 (requiring support), Level 2 (requiring substantial support), and Level 3 (requiring very substantial support).
Understanding the specific level of autism an individual falls under can assist in tailoring interventions and support mechanisms to meet their unique needs. Each level provides valuable information about the person’s abilities, challenges, and the amount of assistance they may require in various aspects of their daily life.
With that out of the way, let’s take a look at what each level of autism classifies.
Level 1 Autism
Level 1 autism is the mildest level and indicates that an individual requires some support in certain areas of daily life.Â
This level is characterized by mild challenges in social communication and interaction. Individuals at this level may exhibit difficulties in social interactions and may struggle with initiating or sustaining conversations. They may also have difficulty understanding nonverbal cues such as facial expressions or body language.
While individuals with level 1 autism may have impairments in social communication, they often have the ability to engage in social interactions. They may have limited interests or engage in repetitive behaviors.Â
However, these behaviors may not significantly interfere with their daily functioning.
Challenges Faced at Level 1
Individuals with level 1 autism may face various challenges that require support in certain areas. Some of the challenges commonly experienced at this level include:
Level 2 Autism
Level 2 autism is characterized by significant challenges in social communication and interaction skills. Individuals with level 2 autism require substantial support to navigate everyday life. While they may possess some communication abilities, they often struggle to communicate coherently and effectively.Â
Here are some common characteristics of level 2 autism:
- Difficulty Initiating and Maintaining Conversations: Individuals with level 2 autism may find it challenging to initiate conversations and keep them going. They may struggle with understanding social cues and maintaining back-and-forth interactions.
- Repetitive Behaviors and Restricted Interests: People at this level often display repetitive behaviors and engage in restricted interests. They may have specific rituals or routines that they adhere to strictly, and they may become distressed or agitated if these routines are disrupted.
- Challenges in Understanding Abstract or Non-literal Language: Individuals with level 2 autism may struggle with understanding sarcasm, idioms, or metaphors. They tend to interpret language literally, which can lead to difficulties in social situations where non-literal language is commonly used.
- Sensory Sensitivities: Many individuals with level 2 autism have sensory sensitivities. They may be highly sensitive to certain stimuli such as sounds, lights, textures, or smells. These sensitivities can cause discomfort or distress and may impact their daily functioning.
Challenges Faced at Level 2
People with level 2 autism encounter various challenges in their daily lives. Some of the common challenges include:
- Communication Difficulties: Individuals at this level often struggle to express their thoughts and feelings effectively. They may have difficulty using language to communicate their needs, wants, and emotions. This can lead to frustration and feelings of isolation.
- Impaired Social Interactions: Social interactions can be especially challenging for individuals with level 2 autism. They may have difficulty understanding social cues, making it hard to form and maintain relationships. They may experience difficulties in making friends and participating in social activities without the right support.
- Difficulty Coping with Change: Individuals at this level may find it particularly challenging to cope with changes in routine or unexpected events. They may rely heavily on predictability and structure and may become anxious or overwhelmed when faced with unexpected changes.
- Limited Independence in Daily Activities: People with level 2 autism may require substantial support in daily activities such as personal care, household tasks, and managing daily routines. They may struggle with planning, organizing, and executing tasks independently.
Level 3 Autism
Level 3 autism represents the most severe level of support needed within the autism spectrum disorder classification. Individuals with level 3 autism require very substantial support in various aspects of their lives. These individuals face significant challenges in social communication and exhibit restricted, repetitive behaviors.
People with level 3 autism find it extremely difficult to use or understand both verbal and nonverbal communication. They may have limited or no speech and struggle to express their needs or thoughts effectively.Â
Nonverbal communication, such as gestures or facial expressions, may also be challenging for them to comprehend.
In addition to communication difficulties, individuals with level 3 autism often display significant impairments in social interactions. They may struggle to initiate or maintain relationships, find it challenging to engage in reciprocal conversations, and have difficulty understanding social cues or norms.Â
As a result, they may face barriers in forming connections and developing meaningful relationships with others.
Challenges Faced at Level 3
The challenges faced by individuals with level 3 autism are substantial and can impact various aspects of their daily lives. Some of the common challenges include:
- Communication: Limited or no speech makes it difficult for individuals to express their needs, thoughts, and emotions. This can lead to frustration and difficulties in understanding and being understood by others.
- Social Interaction: Difficulties in social interactions can result in feelings of isolation and a struggle to form meaningful connections with others. They may face challenges in understanding social cues and norms, making it challenging to navigate social situations.
- Behavioral Patterns: The presence of repetitive and restricted behaviors can interfere with daily functioning and limit participation in various activities. These behaviors may also cause distress or discomfort to the individual.
- Sensory Sensitivities: Individuals with level 3 autism often have heightened sensitivity to sensory stimuli, such as loud noises, bright lights, or certain textures. These sensitivities can lead to sensory overload and contribute to difficulties in coping with different environments.
Wrapping Things Up
Understanding the different levels of autism helps us appreciate the diverse experiences within the autism spectrum. Whether someone is navigating challenges with communication, social interaction, or sensory sensitivities, recognizing these levels allows for better support and tailored interventions.Â
Remember, each person’s journey is unique, and our goal is to foster an inclusive environment where everyone can thrive. If you’re seeking support, consider reaching out to our autism center in Georgia, Arizona, New Jersey, or Utah. At Silver Swing ABA, we are dedicated to providing comprehensive services tailored to your needs.
Contact us today to learn more or to book an appointment.
